Lineamientos para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides en pediatría / Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in pediatrics

Objetivo. Proporcionar un marco para profesionales de la salud que tratan a pacientes pediátricos bajo terapia con glucocorticoides (GC) y desarrollar recomendaciones para la prevención y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por GC en la población pediátrica. Métodos. Un panel de expertos en enfermedades óseas y pediátricas generó una serie de preguntas PICO que abordan aspectos relacionados con la prevención y el tratamiento de osteoporosis en pacientes bajo tratamiento con GC. Siguiendo la metodología GRADE, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se resumieron las estimaciones del efecto y se calificó la calidad de la evidencia. Luego se procedió a la votación y a la formulación de las recomendaciones. Resultados. Se desarrollaron 7 recomendaciones y 6 principios generales para osteoporosis inducida por GC en población pediátrica. Conclusión. Estas recomendaciones proporcionan orientación para los médicos que deben tomar decisiones en pacientes pediátricos bajo tratamiento con GC.

Objective. To provide a framework for healthcare professionals managing pediatric patients who are on active glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and to develop recommendations for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Methods. A panel of experts on bone and pediatric diseases developed a series of PICO questions that address issues related to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients on GC therapy. In accordance with the GRADE approach, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, summarized effect estimations, and classified the quality of the evidence. Then, voting and the formulation of recommendations followed. Results. Seven recommendations and six general principles were developed for GC-induced osteoporosis in the pediatric population. Conclusion. These recommendations provide guidance for clinicians who must make decisions concerning pediatric patients undergoing treatment with GC.

Analysis of age criteria for provision of the personal frequency-modulated system: An integrative review / Análise do critério de idade para fornecimento do sistema de frequência modulada: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Purpose: to critically analyze whether the legislation regarding the Personal Frequency-Modulated (FM) System device encompasses most of the students with hearing impairment to facilitate the development of skills required for communication, literacy, and learning. Methods: a legislative analysis of the norms regarding the use of the Personal Frequency-Modulated (FM) System device. Relevant legislations were searched on public databases such as the Planalto and the Ministry of Health portals. Brazilian laws, ordinances, and relevant guidelines were consulted as well. Literature Review: Ordinance n. 1,274 of June 25, 2013, the CONITEC Report on FM in 2020 and GM/MS Ordinance No. 2,465, of September 27, 2021, which regulate the Personal Modulated Frequency System device, were identified. Conclusion: the initial ordinance of 2013, which regulated the Personal Frequency-Modulated (FM) System, was revised and updated, because it did not include children under six years of age, who are in the peak phase of oral language learning.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar criticamente se a legislação garantidora do dispositivo Sistema de Frequência Modulada Pessoal abrange a população adequada de escolares com deficiência auditiva no critério idade, de forma a favorecer o desenvolvimento das habilidades necessárias para a comunicação, a alfabetização e a aprendizagem dessas crianças. Métodos: trata-se de uma análise legislativa das normas referentes ao uso do dispositivo Sistema de Frequência Modulada Pessoal. Para a busca da legislação pertinente, foram utilizados bancos de dados públicos, tais como: o portal do Planalto e o portal do Ministério da Saúde. Foram consultadas as leis, portarias e diretrizes Brasileiras no que se refere ao uso do Dispositivo Sistema de Frequência Modulada Pessoal. Revisão da Literatura: foram identificadas na Revisão de Literatura a Portaria n. 1.274 de 25 de junho de 2013, o Relatório do CONITEC sobre o FM no ano de 2020 e a Portaria GM/MS Nº 2.465, de 27 de setembro de 2021 que regulamentam o dispositivo Sistema de Frequência Modulada Pessoal. Conclusão: é evidente que a portaria inicial de 2013, a qual regulamentava o fornecimento do Sistema FM, foi revista e atualizada, uma vez que não contemplava crianças menores de 6 anos, em fase de máxima aprendizagem da linguagem oral, pré-alfabetização e letramento, mesmo que estivessem inseridas em instituições escolares.

Comparison of New and Old Versions of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in China from A Surgical Perspective / 肿瘤防治研究

The set of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (the second edition) was published in 2023 in China. Based on the first (2012) edition, the current set was revised jointly by nearly 100 experts in endocrinology, thyroid surgery, oncology, nuclear medicine, ultrasound medicine, and pathology from seven national societies for one year. The new version of the guideline is still divided into two parts, namely, thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. The writing mode of asking clinical questions, explaining and giving recommendations is adopted, and a total of 117 recommendations are provided. This article aims to compare the variations in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer between the new and old versions from the perspective of surgery. The author's own understanding and experiences are also discussed.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 8）： Quality Evaluation with AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM） with internationally recognized tools the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation （AGEREE） Ⅱ and reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare （RIGHT）， thereby providing refe-rence for the clinical application and future development of CPM guidelines. MethodsDatabases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang and Sinomed were searched for CPM guidelines， as well as medlive.cn， websites of China Association of Chinese Medicine and Chinese Medical Association， and reference lists of the included papers. The quality of the guidelines was evaluated using the AGREE Ⅱand RIGHT tools， and consistency tests were performed using Interclass Correlation Coefficient， and descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to analyze the reporting rate for each domain and the average score for each item. ResultsFinally， 140 CPM guidelines were included， of which 51 were disease-oriented and 89 were drug-oriented， all of which were issued by China. For 51 disease-oriented CPM guidelines， the highest average score of all six AGREE Ⅱ domains was 73.32% for clarity， and the lowest was 26.80% for application； for 89 drug-oriented CPM guidelines， the highest average score was 55.62% for scope and purpose， and the lowest was 31.32% for rigour of development. In terms of the seven domains of the RIGHT checklist， the highest reporting rate was 68.26% for background， and lowest was 27.45% for other areas regarding the disease-oriented CPM guidelines； the highest reporting rate was 61.31% for background， and the lowest was 4.49% for other areas regarding drug-oriented CPM guidelines. The average reporting rate was higher for disease-oriented than drug-oriented CPM guidelines in three domains of AGREE Ⅱ （rigour of development， clarity of presentation， editorial independence）， as well as four domains of RIGHT checklist （basic information， evidence， funding and declaration and management of interests， and other areas）. ConclusionThe overall methodology and reporting quality of the current CPM guidelines still need to be improved. It is recommended that future guideline development teams should strictly refer to the AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT checklist， and take into account of the characteristics of CPM guidelines and relevant methodo-logical suggestions in the development and reporting of CPM guidelines， thereby guiding the clinical use of CPM in a better way.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 7）： Introduction and Interpretation of the Guideline Reporting Checklist / 中医杂志

The systematic and comprehensive introduction and interpretation of the Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 is conducive to the presentation of high-quality clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， thus improving their dissemination and use. The Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 specifies the requirements for clear， complete and transparent reporting of the whole process of developing CPMs guidelines， containing 4 domains， 17 topics and 43 items， and involving the basic information， recommendations and methods of guideline development. Especially， it details the items related to the rules and regulations of the use of CPMs in the recommendations， which is helpful for improving the completeness， scientificity and practicality of the reporting of CPMs guideline.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine （Part 6）： Formation and Presentation of Recommendations / 中医杂志

Recommendation formation is a key component of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM）， and should encompass the determination of the strength and direction of the recommendation， the rationale for the recommendation， and the methodology for implementing the recommendation. Recommendations can be formed through formal consensus and informal consensus. The strength and direction of recommendations for CPM guidelines should be determined by considering the quality of evidence for CPMs， the priority of the clinical questions， the pros and cons of efficacy and adverse effects， patient acceptance， the feasibility of the recommendation and the availability of resources， social fairness， economic benefits， and other influencing factors. In order to better guide guideline developers to consider these factors more rationally， this article provideed a detailed explanation of each factor in the context of the characteristics of TCM.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 5）： Retrieval and Synthesis of Key Information on Rational Drug Use / 中医杂志

Recommendations for Chinese patent medicine （CPM） based on key information on rational drug use are one of the important conditions for enhancing guideline enforceability as well as facilitating guideline implementation. In this study， we discussed in detail of the key information on the rational use of CPM in five aspects， which are dosage， drug discontinuation， drug-drug and drug-food interactions， safety and economy. Following the process of multi-source search， synthesis and prioritization， it is suggested to collect key information on the rational use of CPM from a multi-source search of drug instructions， policy documents， literature， and clinical experts' experiences. Then the searched information should be summarized and prioritized with the principle that taking drug instructions as the basis and other-sources information for check and supplementation. Finally， methodological recommendations for the retrieval and synthesis of key information on rational drug use in guideline recommendations has been formed.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 4）： Evidence Retrieval and Evaluation / 中医杂志

The retrieval and evaluation of evidence is the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine. As traditional Chinese medicine has a different development trajectory and utilization characteristics from modern medicine， there is certain differences in terms of evidence composition， retrieval and integration.This paper discussed multi-source body of evidence on Chinese patent medicine based on modern evidence-based medicine and ancient medical literature， and summarized the retrieval strategy as well as the possible problems and solving methods. For different types of evidence on Chinese patent medicine， the corresponding evaluation tools have been recommended， and the order to integrate the evidence based on the quality of the evidence from high to low is suggested. Finally， a multi-source based evidence retrieval-evaluation-integration scheme for Chinese patent medicine has been formed， which will provide a methodological reference for practitioners in the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 3）： Identification of Clinical Questions / 中医杂志

The identification of clinical questions for clinical practice guidelines of Chinese patent medicine （CPM） is important for subsequent evidence retrieval， evaluation of evidence quality， formation of recommendations. This paper described a methodological proposal for the identification of clinical questions for CPM guidelines to highlight the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and reflect its effect in specific stage of the disease. Considering four aspects， namely， the drug of Chinese patent medicine （D）， the specific disease stage （S）， comparison （C）， and specific outcome （O）， DSCO framework has been proposed to formulate the clinical questions. Multi-source information through scientific research， policy or standard documents， and clinical data are suggested for collecting clinical questions， and clear selection criteria should be set to finalize the clinical questions to be addressed by the guideline. In addition， the above process needs to be transparently and publicly reported in order to ensure the clarity and completeness of the guidelines.

Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guideline for Chinese Patent Medicine（Part 1）： Development Status and Characteristics / 中医杂志

The irrational use of Chinese patent medicines （CPM） is becoming more and more prominent， which makes the demand for clinical practice guidelines of CPM gradually increase. In order to make domestic scholars understand the latest developments and existing problems of the CPM guidelines， and promote its development， this paper introduced the concept of CPM guidelines， summarized the characteristics of the two development modes， namely “taking CPM as the key” and “taking disease/syndrome as the key”， and analyzed the current methodological status of developing and reporting CPM guidelines. Based on the existed problems， three suggestions have been put forward to optimize the quality of CPM guidelines， which were clarifying the target users and scope of CPM guidelines， establishing an open and transparent mechanism of the personnel involvement and process steps， and formulating implementable and operable recommendations for the use of CPM.

Key points of the international Kyoto guidelines for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas （2023） / 临床肝胆病杂志

Recently， the International Association of Pancreatology published a revised edition of the guidelines for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm （IPMN） of the pancreas. The guidelines mainly focus on five topics， i.e.， revision of “high-risk stigmata” and “worrisome features”， surveillance of unresected IPMN， surveillance after resection of IPMN， revision of pathological aspects， and research on molecular markers in cyst fluid， in order to provide the best evidence-based reference for clinical practice. This article makes an excerpt of the key points in the guidelines.

Antibiotic prescription patterns among pediatric patients with pneumonia in primary care – A retrospective cohort study

Background and Objectives@#The etiology of pneumonia in the pediatric population varies by age group. Among patients one month to 59 months old, viral pathogens are the most common cause of lower respiratory infections. The study aims to determine the frequency distribution of antibiotic prescription among patients one month to 59 months old and to determine the adherence of primary care facilities to local guidelines with recommended antibiotics. @*Methods@#A descriptive retrospective study using electronic medical records was conducted at two primary care sites. Patients aged 1 month to 59 months old seeking consult via telemedicine or face-to-face diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia from April 2019-March 2020 in the rural facility and May 2019-April 2020 in the remote facility were included in the study. The primary outcome was to determine the patterns of antibiotic use in pneumonia in remote and rural areas and adherence to the recommended antibiotics by the 2016 Philippine Academy of Pediatric Pulmonologists pediatric community-acquired pneumonia clinical practice guidelines (CPG). @*Results@#There were 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia in the rural facility and 213 in the remote facility. Of these patients with pneumonia, 96.7% and 94.8% were prescribed antibiotics in the rural and remote sites, respectively. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic in the rural facility was co-amoxiclav (26.7%), while amoxicillin (51.6%) was the most common in the remote facility. Adherence to the CPG in the rural site was lower at 23.3% (n=8/30) compared to the remote site which was 55.9% (n=119/213). @*Conclusion@#Primary care physicians prescribed antibiotics in over 90% of the time upon the diagnosis of pneumonia in children aged one month to 59 months old, despite viral pneumonia being the more common in primary care setting. Adherence to recommended antibiotics was higher in the remote setting than in the rural setting. Use of EMR to monitor quality of care can improve patient outcomes and safety, pointing out the importance of improving the quality of documentation in the study sites.

Quality evaluation of Chinese and global guidelines/consensus for TDM of anti-TNF-α agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of guidelines/consensus on therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） in China and globally. METHODS PubMed， Embase， CNKI， Wanfang data， VIP， and release websites of guidelines/consensus in China and globally were searched to collect guidelines/expert consensus on TDM with anti-TNF-α for IBD patients. The search period was from database establishment to June 2023. After two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted the data， the methodological quality of the included guidelines/consensuses was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ. The main recommendations of the included guidelines/consensuses were summarized. RESULTS A total of 9 articles were included， 3 were guidelines and 6 were expert consensus. The standardized percentages of the 9 guidelines/consensus in the 6 dimensions （scope and aims， participants， rigor of formulation， clarity of expression， application， and editorial independence） were 90.43%， 41.98%， 52.55%， 85.49%， 19.00%， and 76.85%， respectively. Eight guidelines/consensus had a recommendation of grade B and one consensus of grade C. The main recommendations involve TDM application scenarios， threshold ranges， strategy adjustments， detection methods， and interpretation of results. Most guidelines/consensus recommend passive TDM for non-responders. It is recommended to set the TDM concentration range according to the expected treatment results and make strategy adjustments in combination with the disease condition and TDM results. Additionally， the same test method is recommended for the same patient. Some guidelines/consensus hold that no differences were noted in the interpretation of results between biosimilar and original drug. CONCLUSIONS The overall quality of the included guidelines/consensus was fair， with relatively consistent recommendation. Clinicians need to understand the characteristics and limitations of TDM with this class of drugs， and interpret and apply results of TDM in combination with specific clinical treatment goals.

Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy with the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine(2023) / 中国骨伤

The "Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine" were formulated by the Orthopedic and Traumatology Professional Committee of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine and expert consensus, and provide clinicians with academic guidance on clinical diagnosis and treatment of CSM. The main content includes diagnostic points, disease grading assessment, TCM syndrome differentiation, surgical indications and timing, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment, and postoperative rehabilitation. This guideline proposes for the first time that the treatment of CSM should follow the principle of grading, clarify the timing and methods of surgical treatment, establish common TCM syndrome differentiation and classification, attach importance to postoperative integrated rehabilitation of Chinese and Western medicine, and strengthen daily follow-up management. It hopes to promote the standardization, effectiveness, and safety of clinical treatment of CSM.

Percepciones sobre la aplicación de principios bioéticos en mujeres puérperas en un Hospital público del Ecuador

Fundamento: El puerperio es el periodo de tiempo que comienza en la finalización del parto hasta las seis semanas posparto; durante el cual, es necesario brindar atención conforme a los principios bioéticos inscritos en la normativa de salud vigente en el Ecuador. Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones que tienen las mujeres puérperas sobre la aplicación de los 4 principios bioéticos durante la atención en salud. Metodología: El estudio es de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Los datos corresponden a 10 mujeres puérperas mayores de edad, atendidas en el Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Pediátrico de Nueva Aurora "Luz Elena Arizmendi" de la ciudad de Quito, que respondieron a una entrevista sobre los principios bioéticos aplicados en la atención recibida. Se realizaron análisis de contenido a través del software ATLAS TI versión 23. Resultados: Se obtuvo una percepción positiva de las mujeres puérperas acerca de la aplicación del principio de justicia. Por otra parte, se evidencian dificultades en el de autonomía, sobre todo en la comprensión de la información brindada a la paciente acerca de los procedimientos durante el parto y puerperio, además de coacciones por parte del personal sanitario. Se percibe el consentimiento informado como un mero trámite administrativo. El principio de beneficencia se lo asume como parte de la vocación del personal y la no maleficencia genera malestar si no va acompañado de información clara y oportuna. Conclusiones: Los principios bioéticos son transversales en la normativa de salud vigente, pero sobresale el de justicia en la atención a mujeres puérperas.

Background: The puerperium is the period of time beginning at the end of labor until six postpartum weeks; during which it is necessary to provide attention in accordance with the bioethical principles included in the current health guidelines in Ecuador. Objective: To analyze the perceptions that postpartum women have about the 4 bioethical principles application during health care. Methodology: The study type is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data correspond to 10 adult postpartum women assisted at the Nueva Aurora "Luz Elena Arizmendi" Pediatric Obstetric and Gynecological Pediatric Hospital in the Quito city, who responded to an interview about the bioethical principles applied in the received care. Content analysis was conducted through ATLAS TI version 23 software. Results: A positive perception was obtained from postpartum women concerning the application of the Justice principle. Furthermore, difficulties are evident in the Autonomy section, mainly in the comprehension of the information provided to the patient about the procedures during the labor and puerperium, as well as coercion by health personnel. Informed consent is perceived as a mere administrative formality. The Beneficence principle is assumed as part of the vocation of the personnel and Non-maleficence generates discomfort if it is not accompanied by clear and opportune information. Conclusions: Bioethical principles are transversal in current health guidelines, but that of Justice stands out in the care of postpartum women.

¿Qué hay de nuevo en el tratamiento de amiloidosis por cadenas livianas? Parte 1: cadenas livianas / What is new in light chain amyloidosis treatment? Part 1: lightweight chains

La amiloidosis AL es una enfermedad debida al depósito, en órganos y tejidos, de fibrillas formadas por cadenas livianas producidas de forma patológica por plasmocitos clonales. Su tratamiento actualmente está orientado a erradicar el clon de células plasmáticas; este históricamente se extrapoló de tratamientos disponibles y estudiados para otras discrasias sanguíneas. En el año 2020, el Grupo de Estudio de Amiloidosis (GEA) confeccionó distintas guías de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la amiloidosis AL. Desde entonces se han publicado ensayos clínicos que arrojan contundencia al conocimiento disponible hasta el momento, y están en desarrollo nuevas líneas de investigación que robustecen y estimulan el estudio en el área. En esta revisión se realiza una actualización de las guías existentes en lo que respecta al tratamiento de la amiloidosis por cadenas livianas.Como evidencia de relevancia, en el último año estuvieron disponibles resultados de ensayos clínicos que respaldan el uso de esquemas basados en daratumumab (un anticuerpo monoclonal anti-CD38+) para pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de amiloidosis AL como primera línea. Además, para el tratamiento de la amiloidosis AL refractaria o recaída, la disponibilidad de bibliografía respaldatoria es escasa y extrapolada del tratamiento del mieloma múltiple; sin embargo, actualmente existe evidencia de calidad para recomendar el uso de ixazomib, un inhibidor de proteosoma reversible por vía oral disponible en la Argentina desde 2020. Por último, se mencionan algunas líneas de investigación con otros anticuerpos monoclonales y terapéuticas basadas en el uso de CAR-T cells. (AU)

AL amyloidosis is a disease caused by the deposit in different organs and tissues of protein fibrils formed by light chains synthetized by pathological clonal plasma cells. Its treatment is currently aimed at eradicating this plasma cell clone and it has been historically extrapolated from available and validated treatments for other blood dyscrasias. In 2020, the Amyloidosis Study Group prepared different clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AL amyloidosis.Since then, clinical trials have been published that confirm and strengthen the knowledge available up to now, and new lines of research are being developed that stimulate study in the area. In this review, an update of the existing guidelines regarding the treatment of AL amyloidosis is made. As relevant evidence, in the last year, results of clinical trials have been made available that support the use of regimens based on Daratumumab (an anti-CD38+ monoclonal antibody) for patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis as first line therapy. In addition, for the treatment of refractory or relapsed AL amyloidosis, where the availability of supporting literature is scant and extrapolated from the treatment of multiple myeloma, there is currently quality evidence to recommend the use of ixazomib, an oral reversible proteasome inhibitor, only available in Argentina since 2020. Finally, some research lines exploring the efficacy of other monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic experiments based on the use of CAR-T cells are mentioned. (AU)

Guía de Sífilis Gestacional y Congénita: perspectivas de profesionales de la salud en Bolívar (Colombia) / Guidelines on Gestational and Congenital Syphilis: insights of health professionals in Bolívar (Colombia)

Objetivos: Describir los conocimientos, la idoneidad y las prácticas respecto a la "Guía de práctica clínica (GPC) basada en la evidencia para la atención integral de la sífilis gestacional (SG) y congénita (SC)". Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Incluyó médicos generales, especialistas y enfermeras que laboraban en 52 instituciones de salud en el departamento de Bolívar (Colombia) y realizan el control prenatal o la atención al neonato en el 2020. Muestreo por conveniencia. Se aplicó cuestionario digital que recolectó información sociodemográfica; evaluó conocimientos, idoneidad y prácticas sobre la "Guía de práctica clínica (GPC)" mencionada en los objetivos. Se hace análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 101 trabajadores. Hay deficiencias relacionadas con la aplicación correcta del algoritmo inverso de diagnóstico (48 %) y seguimiento de SG (77 %), manejo de la paciente con antecedentes de alergias de manifestaciones sistémicas (31 %) y tratamiento de la SG (61 %) y SC (10 %). La recomendación de no aplicar prueba de penicilina en pacientes sin antecedentes de alergias sistémicas se considera poco útil (60 %). El 23 % de los trabajadores no emplea las pruebas rápidas y el 44 % de los especialistas da tratamiento para sífilis al compañero sexual. Conclusiones: Es importante intensificar las estrategias de capacitación en el personal de salud con énfasis en el personal de enfermería y, de manera urgente, empoderar a este personal en las actividades relacionadas con el control de la sífilis. Se requiere hacer nuevas y continúas evaluaciones a nivel nacional y regional de la implementación de esta guía que permitan evaluar los indicadores que contiene la estrategia de eliminación de esta enfermedad.

Objectives: To describe the knowledge, appropriateness and practices regarding the evidence-based "Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the comprehensive management of gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS)". Material and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study including general practitioners, specialists and nurses working at 52 healthcare institutions in the Bolivar Department (Colombia) who provided prenatal control or neonatal care in 2020. Convenience sampling was used. A digital questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic information, assessed knowledge, appropriateness and practices in terms of the evidenced-based "Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG)" mentioned in the objectives. A descriptive analysis followed. Results: A total of 101 workers were included. There are deficiencies associated with the correct use of the inverse algorithm of diagnosis (48 %) and GS follow-up (77 %), management of the patient with a history of systemic manifestation allergies (31 %) and treatment of GS (61 %) and CS (10 %). The recommendation of not using the penicillin test in patients with no history of systemic allergies is considered of little benefit (60 %). 23 % of the workers do not use rapid tests and 44 % of the specialists administer syphilis treatment to the sexual partner. Conclusions: It is important to intensify the training strategies for health personnel with emphasis on nurses and, as a matter of urgency, empower them in syphilis control activities. New and continuous national and regional evaluations of the implementation of these guidelines are needed to assess the indicators associated with the strategy for the elimination of this disease.

The II Brazilian Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 Joint Guidelines of the Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Emergência, Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Associação Médica Brasileira, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia / II Diretrizes Brasileiras para o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 Diretriz conjunta da Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Emergência, Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Associação Médica Brasileira, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia e Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia

ABSTRACT Objective: To update the recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: Experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results: Twenty-one recommendations were generated, including strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen and conditional recommendations for the use of tocilizumab and baricitinib for patients on supplemental oxygen or on noninvasive ventilation and anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolism. Due to suspension of use authorization, it was not possible to make recommendations regarding the use of casirivimab + imdevimab. Strong recommendations against the use of azithromycin in patients without suspected bacterial infection, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, and lopinavir + ritonavir and conditional recommendations against the use of ivermectin and remdesivir were made. Conclusion: New recommendations for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were generated, such as those for tocilizumab and baricitinib. Corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are still recommended, the latter with conditional recommendation. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and to promote resource economy.

RESUMO Objetivo: Atualizar as recomendações para embasar as decisões para o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: A elaboração desta diretriz foi feita por especialistas, incluindo representantes do Ministério da Saúde e metodologistas. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento rápido de diretrizes baseou-se na adoção e/ou adaptação de diretrizes internacionais existentes (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) e contou com o apoio da plataforma e-COVID-19 RecMap. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o método GRADE. Resultados: Chegaram-se a 21 recomendações, incluindo recomendações fortes quanto ao uso de corticosteroides em pacientes em uso de oxigênio suplementar e recomendações condicionais para o uso de tocilizumabe e baricitinibe, em pacientes com oxigênio suplementar ou ventilação não invasiva, e de anticoagulantes, para prevenção de tromboembolismo. Devido à suspensão da autorização de uso, não foi possível fazer recomendações para o tratamento com casirivimabe + imdevimabe. Foram feitas recomendações fortes contra o uso de azitromicina em pacientes sem suspeita de infecção bacteriana, hidroxicloroquina, plasma convalescente, colchicina e lopinavir + ritonavir, além de recomendações condicionais contra o uso de ivermectina e rendesivir. Conclusão: Foram criadas novas recomendações para o tratamento de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19, como as recomendações de tocilizumabe e baricitinibe. Ainda são recomendados corticosteroides e profilaxia contra tromboembolismo, esta em caráter condicional. Vários medicamentos foram considerados ineficazes e não devem ser usados, no intuito de proporcionar o melhor tratamento segundo os princípios da medicina baseada em evidências e promover a economia de recursos.

La pandemia de COVID-19 y el cumplimiento de las guías alimentarias en una comunidad universitaria de Chile / COVID-19 pandemic and adherence to food- based dietary guidelines in a Chilean university community

Introducción. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 y las restricciones sanitarias afectaron la disponibilidad, acceso y consumo de alimentos, impactando la alimentación y el estado nutricional. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la pandemia SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 sobre el cumplimiento de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos de Chile, en una comunidad universitaria, antes y durante la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con 427 participantes. Se aplicó una encuesta online con preguntas basadas en los mensajes de las GABA. La encuesta se validó por juicio de expertos y análisis psicométrico, evaluando la concordancia con el estadístico de Kappa (K=89,95) y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (=0,97). Se fijó como período antes de la pandemia al tiempo anterior a marzo del año 2020, y durante la pandemia, entre marzo del 2020 y octubre del 2021. Para medir los cambios antes y durante la pandemia se aplicó el test de simetría considerando un p <0,05 con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, mediante el software estadístico STATA versión 16. Resultados. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos antes y durante la pandemia en los mensajes relacionados con el estado nutricional (p=0,000), consumo semanal de: productos de pastelería (p=0,0040), cecinas y embutidos (p=0,0034), frituras (p=0,0070), legumbres (p=0,0000), aguas (p=0,0000) y lectura e información nutricional de los productos (p=0,0000). Conclusiones. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 generó cambios en la alimentación y estado nutricional respecto a los mensajes de las guías. Se precisan políticas alimentarias y estrategias educativas en alimentación y en nutrición para emergencias sanitarias(AU)

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, as well as health restrictions, impacted food availability, access and consumption, affecting dietary habits and nutritional status. Objective. To determine the effect of the SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic on the adherence to Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, within a university community, both before and during the pandemic. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study involving 427 participants was conducted. An online survey was administered, with questions based on the FBDGs' messages. The survey was validated through expert judgment and psychometric analysis, and agreement was assessed using the Kappa statistic (K = 89.95) while reliability was determined using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient ( = 0.97). The period before the pandemic was defined as the time prior to March 2020, and the pandemic period was set between March 2020 and October 2021. Changes before and during the pandemic were measured using the symmetry test, considering a p value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence level, using the STATA 16 statistical software. Results. Statistically significant changes were observed before and during the pandemic in messages related to nutritional status (p = 0.000), weekly consumption of bakery products (p = 0.0040), cold meats (p = 0.0034), fried foods (p = 0.0070), legumes (p = 0.0000), water (p = 0.0000), and messages related to reading and nutrition information of products (p = 0.0000). Conclusions. The pandemic led to dietary changes in relation to FBDGs messages. Food policies and food and nutrition education strategies are required to address health emergency contexts(AU)

Caracterización y evaluación de adherencia al programa Get With The Guidelines en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda en un hospital de Bogotá, 2016-2018: Cohorte HUN-ICA

Introducción: la adherencia a estándares de manejo en insuficiencia cardiaca como la iniciativa Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) de la AHA puede disminuir los reingresos y mortalidad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y evaluar la adherencia a estándares de práctica clínica del programa "Get With The Guidelines", en un hospital universitario de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de la cohorte retrospectiva HUN-ICA correspondiente a 493 pacientes adultos hospitalizados entre abril 2016 y diciembre 2018 por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda, se registraron variables clínicas, tratamiento, mortalidad, reingresos y se evaluó adherencia a estándares de calidad del programa GWTG. Resultados: 52,1 % de la población fueron mujeres con una media de edad 75 años y el 67,8 % con FEVI >40 %. La etiología más común fue hipertensiva 58,5 % y la mayor causa de descompensación infecciosa (28,8 %). Aumentó la adherencia al uso de betabloqueadores en pacientes con fracción de eyección reducida al egreso de 46 % respecto al ingreso y al uso de antagonistas de receptor mineralocorticoide en pacientes con FEVI reducida de 61,1 %. Discusión: la cohorte evaluada presentó un perfil hemodinámico, clínico y adherencia en el manejo similar a cohortes nacionales. Las dosis subóptimas de la medicación al egreso justifican la necesidad de clínicas ambulatorias de insuficiencia cardíaca. Conclusiones: Se encontró menor adherencia para uso y dosis óptimas de betabloqueadores y antagonista mineralocorticoide que la de la cohorte GWTG, con incremento del uso de terapia farmacológica entre el ingreso y el egreso hospitalario.

Introduction: adherence to management standards in heart failure such as the AHA´s Get With the Guidelines-Heart failure initiative can reduce readmissions and mortality. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure and to assess adherence to program quality standards of the Get With The Guidelines Program in a university hospital in Bogotá. Methods: observational, descriptive and retrospective HUN-ICA cohort study. 493 adult patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, between April 2016 to December 2018. Clinical variables, treatment, mortality, readmissions and adherence to program quality standards defined by the GWTG program criteria were evaluated. Results: 52,1 % of the population were women, mean age was 75 years, (67,8 %) cases of heart failure with LVEF > 40 %. The most common etiology of heart failure was hypertensive (58,5 %). The most frequent etiology of decompen- sation was infectious (28,8 %). Adherence to beta-blockers use increased in patients with reduced ejection fraction at discharge of 46 %, and to the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in 61,1 %, compared to admission. Discussion: the evaluated cohort presented a hemodynamic, clinical profile and adherence similar to colombian cohorts. Suboptimal doses of medication upon discharge justify the need for outpatient heart failure clinics. Conclusions: lower adherence for use and optimal doses of beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists than GWTG cohort was found, with increased use of guidelines recommended pharmacological therapy between hospital admission and discharge.